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Indonesia national flag

Indonesia

Capital: Jakarta

Green terraced rice fields near Ubud in Bali, Indonesia.
Green terraced rice fields near Ubud in Bali, Indonesia. · Photo credit

Green terraced rice fields near Ubud in Bali, Indonesia. Context photograph, not evidence of this initiative.

Photo: Jos Dielis · CC BY 2.0

Resized to maximum 1200 pixels without enlargement; JPEG re-encoded; EXIF orientation applied. Display may be cropped.

Drive evidence snapshot · 2026-11-01

Climate risks

Documented risk theme

Coastal flooding

Documented risk theme

Drought and wildfire

Documented risk theme

Extreme rainfall floods

Screening themes, not three highest risks or comparative country ranking. These are qualitative themes, not comparable risk scores.

Evidence: ASCCR pp.39-40; World Bank risk assessment page; SRC-051 · Checked 2026-11-01

Risk source
Evidence limitations

Risk original(s) archived; qualitative themes retained. Quantitative scenario extraction and updated assessment review pending

Quantitative climate indicators

Climate indicators · Source scope and review decisions

Source check outstanding

People & exposure

>4.2M

Projected permanent flooding exposure, 2070–2100; no adaptation

Extraction, quote & page

Submitted extraction — not independently verified

无适应措施下,到 2070-2100 年期间预计将有超过 420 万人暴露于海平面上升导致的永久性淹没

Supplied page: p. 2

Without adaptation, the total population likely to be exposed to permanent flooding by the period 2070-2100 could reach over 4.2 million people.

Economic impact

2.5–7% GDP

ADB estimate of climate-change cost by 2100

Extraction, quote & page

Submitted extraction — not independently verified

亚洲开发银行 (ADB) 估计,到 2100 年气候变化的影响可能造成该国 GDP 2.5% 至 7% 的损失

Supplied page: p. 2

The Asian Development Bank (ADB) estimates that by 2100, the impacts of climate change could cost between 2.5-7% of the country's gross domestic product (GDP), with the poorest bearing the brunt of this burden.

Caveats: Economic estimate is an ADB figure cited secondarily in the WB/ADB profile.

Source attribution & sectors

Supplied source: Climate Risk Country Profile: Indonesia · 2021 · World Bank Group & Asian Development Bank · p. 2

Catalogue candidate: SRC-051 · WB ADB Climate Risk Profile Indonesia 2021 HISTORICAL. A catalogue match does not verify the quoted page.

Open catalogue source ↗

Supplied vulnerable sectors: Agriculture and Rice Production · Water Resources · Coastal Zones and Low-lying Settlements · Fisheries and Coral Reefs

Supplied hazards: Fluvial, Pluvial and Coastal Floods · Sea Level Rise and Extreme Surges · El Niño-driven Droughts and Wildfires

Import 2026-11-01-user-extract-v5. Different hazards, units, populations and projection horizons are not comparable; no ranking or combined total.

National climate policies

Solutions in national plans

Documented measures, not verified community project outcomes.

3 plan and demonstration extracts · Review decisions attached to individual records. Planned targets are not delivered outcomes.

Mangroves at Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve, Singapore.

Indonesia · Nature-based Solutions

泥炭地水文调控与红树林蓝碳生态系统大面积修复

2026–2030年短期议程优先开展150万公顷退化土地与60万公顷红树林的测绘与修复;属于规划,不是完成面积。

Supplied metric · 到2030年前优先完成150万公顷退化土地修复与60万公顷红树林修复

Context photo · Policy direction / planned target · Review supplied · Source check outstanding

Green terraced rice fields near Ubud in Bali, Indonesia.

Indonesia · Climate-Resilient Agriculture

气候智慧型农业与交替干湿灌溉技术应用

应用集成种植日历系统与抗旱水稻品种,推行交替干湿灌溉(AWD)与太阳能抽水设施,保障极端气候下的粮食安全。

Context photo · Policy direction / planned target · Source check outstanding

Natural siphon rain gauge at Agromet Phichit, Thailand.

Indonesia · Early Warning & Disaster Resilience

多灾种早期预警系统与气象灾害监测网络建设计划

整合BMKG与BNPB气象灾害与洪水监测平台,建设多灾种早期预警与气候信息服务网络,提升高风险社区的应急响应速度。

Supplied metric · 到2027年全面建成多灾种早期预警系统(Multi-hazard EWS)

Context photo · Policy direction / planned target · Review supplied · Conflict unresolved

COMMUNITY & CAPACITY EVIDENCE

Community & initiative catalogue

31 supplied extracts · 11 countries + regional records · Policy directions, reported activities and outcomes remain distinct.

7 matching extracts

Evaluation resources

Global frameworks; applicability depends on the project. No verified country-level outcome is implied.

Risk references & data gaps

World Bank Climate Risk Profile: Indonesia (2025) — PDF pending

2025 (publisher copyright verified via indexed original) · Publisher indexed title, 2025 copyright and reproduction terms checked; PreventionWeb 2025 listing corroborates identity

PreventionWeb lists 35 pages and 2.4 MB, not verified against acquired bytes. Mirror page https://www.preventionweb.net/publication/climate-risk-country-profile-indonesia-2025 ; media/107969. Existing 2021 CMIP5 stays historical and does not fill 2025 CMIP6 gap.

WB ADB Climate Risk Profile Indonesia 2021 HISTORICAL

2021 · PDF signature, title and available date/version metadata and provenance checked; qualifications in notes

WB/ADB 2021 CMIP5 historical report. 2025 CMIP6 report remains unavailable; this older file is not a substitute for it.

Supplied quantitative extracts are shown above with original-source verification pending. Units, scenarios and hazards differ; no comparative score or verified community outcome is implied.

Open knowledge archive

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